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 Antioxidant Properties of Astaxanthin

References: Astaxanthin antioxidant activity 550 x stronger than Vitamin E?

Di Mascio, P., T.P.A. Devasagayam, S. Kaiser, H. Sies. 1990. Carotenoids, toco-pherols and thiols as biological singlet molecular oxygen quenchers. Biochemical Society Transactions. (18): 1054-1056.

Kurashige, M., E. Okimasu, M. Inoue, and K. Utsumi. 1990. Inhibition of oxidative injury of biological membranes by astaxanthin. Physiol. Chem. Phys. & Med. NMR 22: 27-38.

Miki, W. 1991. Biological functions and activities of animal carotenoids. Pure & Appl. Chem. 63: 141-146.

Shimidzu N., M. Goto, W. Miki. 1996. Carotenoids as singlet oxygen quenchers in marine organisms. Fisheries science. 62(1), 134-137.

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